Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a mental health condition characterized by a pervasive disregard for the rights and feelings of others, often leading to criminal behaviour and an inability to conform to social norms.
The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for APD are as follows:
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by at least three of the following:
Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviours, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest.
Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure.
Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.
Reckless disregard for safety of self or others.
Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behaviour or honour financial obligations.
Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another.
The individual is at least 18 years of age.
There is evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15 years.
The occurrence of antisocial behaviour is not exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or a manic episode.
Treatment for Antisocial Personality
Psychological treatment for APD is often challenging, as individuals with this disorder typically do not believe they need or want treatment. However, certain approaches have shown some promise. Here are some examples:
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): CBT is a type of therapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviours. In the case of APD, CBT can help individuals learn how to recognize the consequences of their actions and make more positive choices.
Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT): DBT is a type of therapy that emphasizes mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotional regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness. DBT can help individuals with APD learn to manage their emotions and improve their relationships with others.
Mentalization-based therapy (MBT): MBT is a type of therapy that focuses on helping individuals with APD develop the ability to understand their own and others' mental states. This can lead to improved social functioning and empathy.
Schema therapy: Schema therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on identifying and changing maladaptive patterns of behavior and thought. It can help individuals with APD develop more positive ways of relating to others.
It is important to note that these approaches are not guaranteed to be effective, and treating individuals with APD often requires a multi-disciplinary approach involving medication management, social support, and legal interventions.
Self-help strategies for Antisocial Personality
It is important to note that individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) may not seek treatment due to a lack of insight, feelings of superiority, or a desire to avoid legal consequences. However, if a person with APD is interested in treating their condition, here are 10 things they can do:
Seek professional help: It is important to seek the help of a mental health professional who is trained and experienced in treating APD. This can be a psychologist, psychiatrist, or licensed clinical social worker.
Participate in therapy: Therapy can help individuals with APD learn coping mechanisms and develop positive behaviours. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), and schema therapy have shown some promise in treating APD.
Be honest with the therapist: Honesty is essential for effective therapy. Individuals with APD may be tempted to manipulate their therapist or withhold information. It is important to be honest and open about thoughts and behaviours.
Address substance abuse: Substance abuse is a common issue for individuals with APD. If substance abuse is present, it should be addressed as part of the treatment plan.
Develop empathy: Developing empathy can be difficult for individuals with APD, but it is essential for improving social functioning. Therapy can help individuals learn how to empathize with others.
Practice mindfulness: Mindfulness can help individuals with APD learn to regulate their emotions and reduce impulsivity. DBT and other mindfulness-based therapies can be effective.
Build positive relationships: Individuals with APD often have difficulty building and maintaining positive relationships. Therapy can help individuals learn how to communicate effectively and build trust with others.
Learn coping mechanisms: Coping mechanisms can help individuals with APD manage stress and avoid impulsive behaviour. Therapy can help individuals develop positive coping mechanisms.
Take medication if necessary: Medication may be prescribed for co-occurring mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety.
Be patient: Treating APD can be a long and difficult process. It is important to be patient and committed to the treatment plan. It may take time to see significant progress, but it is possible to improve with the right support and dedication.
